Recently, occupancy models have emerged as a useful tool for estimating the distribution of fish species that are patchily distributed and may be difficult to sample, including Pacific Lamprey (Reid and Goodman 2015). Environmental DNA represents another useful tool for determining the distribution of species that are difficult to sample using traditional methods (Goldberg et al. 2011). One particularly useful attribute of aquatic eDNA surveys is that this technique allows large areas to be surveyed in a fraction of the time required by traditional methods (Goldberg et al. 2016). Several studies have suggested that eDNA surveys can be more efficient and sensitive than physical sampling gear (e.g., electrofishing, seining), although limitations of this method exist, and data must be interpreted correctly (Goldberg et al. 2016). Environmental DNA detection methods have been developed for Pacific Lamprey and used to fill critical data gaps in their distribution (Carim et al. 2017; Ostberg et al. 2019). Recently, several studies have utilized a combination of traditional field sampling and eDNA surveys to inform occupancy models for species of conservation concern where data on distribution are limited (Schmelzle and Kinziger 2016; Sutter and Kinziger 2019; Smith and Goldberg 2020)
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