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Overview

American Goshawks are one of North America’s most elusive birds of prey. Goshawk ecology has been studied thoroughly across many parts of their range, but little is understood about their ecology and life history in the Alaska. On Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), located north of Anchorage, there have been preliminary surveys for American goshawk nests in recent years but there lacked any comprehensive study to understand their ecology. JBER is home to multiple airfields where bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH) are a concern and managers on JBER wanted to learn about goshawk abundance, distribution, and nesting ecology in the area. In response to those concerns, the USbet365����ios, in partnership with JBER Biologists, began a study to assess the abundance, distribution, and ecology of these raptors as well as to understand the BASH that goshawks pose on the base. 

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Specifically, this project has the following objectives:

1. Locate American goshawk nesting areas;
2. Determine occupancy, nest success, and productivity at American goshawk nests;
3. Describe American goshawk nesting habitat.

Importance of this Work

American goshawks are elusive because they inhabit dense forest stands for nesting, not often seen outside of those forests except when hunting or migrating. Once a nesting site is established by a goshawk, they may keep that territory for years. Their apparent preferences for forests dense canopy and open understory play a role in their distribution and abundance throughout the state. Because of their strict preferences, goshawks are sensitive to change. Human development, disturbance or forest clearing can disrupt goshawks, forcing them to move elsewhere to find suitable nesting territories. With an already limited understanding of these raptor’s movements and life history, monitoring efforts will continue to help us learn about goshawks and their habits, and in turn, will aid in further conservation and managing efforts.

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Actions WE ALL can take

Participate in Citizen Science. American Goshawks are elusive raptors that can be hard to find, even for biologists. Reporting goshawk sightings through programs like eBird can help biologists track goshawk movements and highlight areas where multiple sightings are recorded. Observations by the public provide information over time and can be useful for highlighting potential nesting habitat and places to search for nesting goshawks. These observations are useful for delineating areas for surveys, as well as help characterize what optimal habitat may look like. The data submitted to eBird is becoming an increasingly important dataset used to track population trends of North American birds. By submitting your bird sightings to eBird, you can play a crucial role in helping scientists monitor birds.

Make Window Safe for Birds: Reduce Fatalities from Window Collisions. Windows are estimated to kill over 1 billion birds a year in North America, with 99% of bird-window collisions occurring at urban and rural low-rise buildings (1-4 stories) and private residences. Birds easily fall victim to window collisions as they do not perceive glass as an obstacle and often will fly towards reflections of what may appear to be natural habitat like trees, plants, or the sky. Avian predators, like American Goshawks, are particularly at risk when the prey they are chasing fly toward windows. To prevent bird-window collisions, it’s important to know which windows are most at risk to collisions—identifying and treating problem windows first will make the biggest impact with the least cost. It’s also especially importance to retrofit any window near bird feeders, as having bird feeders doubles the number of bird-window collisions at a home. 

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Make your problem windows more visible to birds by placing deterrents, at least ¼ inch in diameter and spaced 2 inches apart in every direction, on the outside of windows. Examples of deterrents include:

1. UV or high contrast window decals on the outside of glass
2. painted decorations using tempura paint, liquid markers, or simple lines with a bar of soap
3. hang heavy strings, like parachute chord, vertically across the glass
4. insect screens on the outside of windows. 

Learn more about reducing bird-window collisions and download our bird-friendly reduction toolkits.

Use Non-toxic Hunting Ammunition: Protect Birds from Lead Poisoning. Lead ammunition unintentionally left in gut piles by hunters is a source of lead poisoning for scavengers and other wildlife, like raptors (especially eagles). Hunters can reduce lead poisoning in the environment by choosing lead-free ammunition. Licensed hunters with a mailing address in Alaska are eligible for a rebate up to $80 off two boxes of copper rifle ammunition or up to $50 off two boxes of bullets for reloading. Learn more about this program: .

Project Data and Metadata 

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